ICT - Making a Database of Used Cars Essay Example for Free

ICT Making a Database of Used Cars Essay For my coursework, I am going to be making a database of used cars. The database is to help customers and staff to see what cars are available and specific information about them. Having a database file of the cars will prove beneficial to the staff as it would take less energy, time and money to search for cars than searching through paper based files. Paper based files can get lost or damaged much easier then electronic files. Electronic files can be copied, emailed, exported and backed up making it easier to organize for the business. This would be more efficient, because you can search specifically through the database to look for certain requirements to meet a customers need. In a database, you can add, edit, save, query and print records. These features are very simple for staff to carry out and are very effective. Using a database allows you to avoid errors through validation rules and input masks. A database can store a large quantity of records, which is also efficient for the business because they can store loads of information about customers. With using a database, you can also make reports, visualisations of data (graphs and charts), tables and data entry forms. This is useful to a growing business that also has a chain of shops/outlets in the country, because data can be emailed easily and the information would be sent in reports and visualisations so managers wont have to organize meetings and waste money. With a database you can combine different types data easily such as numbers and text. Data manipulation is performed by using queries. This is using a structured query language on an easy user interface to help search through records. This is beneficial for customers as well, because they can get a faster and more suitable service. Instead of waiting around for staff to find what they want, staff will be able to query the database in a matter of minutes. Overall, a database will help the business be more organized, have easy access to information and be more productive. Queries Another helpful tool that Access database has is the query tool. With this tool, you can search for anything in the database easily without spending a lot of time searching through records. This is very useful for a business as it saves a lot of time searching for cars or features that customers may ask for. Here are a range of questions that customers may ask: 1. Can you show me any blue Volvos? 2. Have you got any cars that are diesel? 3. Which four door cars do you have? 4. Which cars do you have that are below 5,000? 5. Which cars do you have that have done less than 7,000 miles? 6. Can you show me a list of black cars? Which of these cars are priced under 10,000? 7. Which Ford cars do you have? Which of these cars is priced 10,000 to 15,000? 8. Which cars do you have that have air conditioning? Which of these cars is under 10,000? 9. Which cars do you have that are over 20,000? Which of these cars are diesels? 10. Which blue cars are there? Which of these cars have 5 doors? 11. Can you show me a list of VW Golfs that have Air conditioning? 12. Which cars do you have that have 5 doors and are petrol? 13. Which Nissan cars do you have that have 3 or 5 doors, but are not petrol? 14. Which Vauxhall cars do you have that have 5 or 4 doors? 15. Which cars do you sell that have 2 doors and are petrol? Sources For my coursework, I used a range of sources for my database. These sources are all varied slightly according to the details that were present. These are the 3 different sources I used: Motor Point www.motorpoint.co.uk The Car Shop www.carshop.co.uk NK Motor www.nkmotors.co.uk (Sources are shown on the next three pages.) These sources seemed all accurate, and I decided on what field types I used based on the data present from these sources. I didnt use all the data from every one of these sources, as some seemed unnecessary or didnt include enough information. Example: One record only presented the make, litres and price and because it contained so little data, I did not use it. Some data, I did not copy down because I already had similar records present already: so I was looking for more of a variety. In a business, a car database will have numerous amounts of similar data for cars, but for my coursework I wanted to show as much variation as possible. Example: NK Motors: Vauxhall Zafira 1.8 Club Auto, 5 doors, Grey, 5495 The Car Shop: Vauxhall Zafira 1.8i Club Auto, 5 doors, Grey, 5995 These two records seem too similar, so I only used one of them. The method I used to collect the data was by looking at various different sources and deciding on all the data they had in common i.e. make, model, price etc. and copying down various information from each source. I double-checked all the information I copied and also made sure I did not copy down similar or same information. This method of collecting data is based on the output that I will be producing. The outputs are reports based on 5 different queries that customers may have about the cars. Reasons For Choice Of Software For my coursework I had to compile a database of second hand vehicles using current information from local garages, leaflets and newspapers. The database will be designed so that staff can obtain details of vehicles easily. After I gathered information about 50 vehicles, I decided to test the data with different softwares. These softwares were Access Database and Excel Spreadsheet. Access Database Advantages Disadvantages * Reduce errors in data with validation rules. * Data security by having the ability to put password protection on files. * Databases are designed for multiple users, and each user can have different data permissions. * Can perform many tasks efficiently reports, forms, graphs, queries etc. * Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design. * Damage to database can affect the business greatly. * Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system to a database system. * Initial training required for all programmers and users. Excel Advantages Disadvantages * Its easy to edit data and the software can instantly recalculate the total for you. * Simple layout. * A database can be quickly and easily created using Excel. * New columns or rows of information can be generated easily throughout the data entry process. * A spreadsheet is a useful tool for data management as it helps to manage and sort data i.e. alphabetically. * Updating multiple table links can require a lot of tweaking with a spreadsheet application. * With a spreadsheet, by default any cell can contain any kind of data cant control what users input. * This software can contain a lot of unknown errors. I decided to choose Access Database because it was the best software to produce the required outputs. The required output is a report based on information that is processed from the database and you cant produce reports easily in Excel which is one of the first reasons I decided to use Access. Its easy to setup and you can manipulate it to make sure there are no mistakes. Multiple users can access database files which is more efficient for a business that has a lot of staff and requires updates of records. You can query a database which is relatively easier then filtering spreadsheets. You can also do more complex queries in Access then in Excel. You can find information quickly and efficiently which reduces time and money in a business. You can control what is inputted in each cell and create validation rules and error messages to assist users i.e. staff. In Excel you cant control what you put in any cell, so if you make a mistake without realising, that mistake will remain unknown which can corrupt the data and cause there to be false records present. I personally prefer to use Access Database because of its easy user interface and setup. The data that the company will be using seems more compatible for this software as well, because some of the fields are Yes/No answers which can easily be inserted using a tick box. Overall, Excel spreadsheet does have its advantages, but compared to Access Database, it isnt as efficient as it could be.

In What Ways Does Brownings use of the First Person Narrative in his :: English Literature

In What Ways Does Browning's use of the First Person Narrative in his Dramatic Monologues Help to Reveal the Thoughts and Feelings of his Characters? Robert Browning was a highly respected Victorian poet. He lived from 1812-1889. Browning eloped with and married the daughter of a family Tyrant, Elizabeth Barrett. They loved each other until death parted them and both poets wrote moving love poetry, having experienced the happiness of true love for themselves. The two poems I shall study in this essay give a whole different side to Browning's poetry and a whole different view of love. Both of them have little to do with love as most of us would understand it, yet both give very interesting studies of two contrasting characters. Browning uses the first person in his poetry to reveal the thoughts and feelings of his characters, and does this very effectively. The poem "My Last Duchess" gives us a complete character study of a Renaissance nobleman. Although he never talks directly about himself in his narrative, the Duke reveals a lot about his personality: it is made quite obvious that he is a very proud, arrogant and self-centred person. The poem is written as a monologue given by the Duke to a servant of a prospective new wife of his. He drops subtle hints to say that his prospective wife will have to behave in a way he sees fit, casually saying: "That's my last Duchess painted on the wall, Looking as if she were alive" He also twice mentions how the painting is by Frà   Pandolf. This name-dropping reveals that he is arrogant. He obviously wants the servant to offer some sort of praise about the painting as he asks him, "Will't please you sit and look at her?" He obviously likes to be in control seen as he keeps a picture one presumes he would like everyone to see behind a curtain, so that men that he doesn't wish to look at her can't. He went to the sitting for the painting because he was so jealous. He makes this clear by saying: "Sir, 'twas not Her Husband's presence only, called that spot Of joy into the Duchess' cheek" He disliked the way she took pleasure from all things. He considered that this meant she saw him to be as important as her white mule or a beautiful sunset. One wonders if he was possibly quite an insecure man, seen as he could not believe, "She thanked men." I think one would think this of any man who was jealous of a sunset! He seems to think it a disgrace that he didn't think she appreciated the title he

Policy makers and implementers

Between policy makers and policy implementers serve any useful function today in USA?Early donors to the expansion of public administration accredited a policy function for administrators that have often been overlooked yet the politics-administration dichotomy that is a fraction of the conventional archetype frequently incorporates the thoughts of accountability and responsibility– even though the archetype can be articulated in traditions that seem to prohibit these qualities by depicting administration as automatically instrumental–but the stress on a firm dichotomy of politics and administration will not lodge the policy responsibility of administrators that has come to be extensively renowned.There are several motives why the dichotomy design has continued. It is expedient to give details the separation of functions in conditions of entire separation as it is easier to elucidate than a model founded on sharing functions, predominantly because the partition model do es not bound the genuine policy offerings of administrators in practice. At the same moment, the dichotomy idea defends administrators from inquiry and provides the benefit of elected representatives who can pass liability for disliked resolutions to administrators. According to Miller (2000) sees dichotomy as a â€Å"helpful myth† for the reason that it difficult to understand the pressure of administrators to limit efforts by politicians in control to incline the accomplishment of policies and channel paybacks toward themselves. Fractional editions of the dichotomy continue.Researchers view the attempt to disconnect politics from administration as producing a dichotomy and tag the importance on hierarchy, authority, structure, and top-down accountability the Wilsonian ritual in public administration. There has been found reinterpreted dichotomy that allows a policy-making function for the executive but still assists managers oppose the forces of particularism. Recognizing t hat administrators disjointedly form policy behind the scenes resigned policy sway and hierarchy. (Van Riper, 2002)In addition, it should be documented that the notion of the firm dichotomy does have a chronological basis in the United States, yet it was not the normative model anticipated during the naissance period of American public administration. A finishing basis for the determination of the dichotomy is the deficiency of a substitute model. To keep away from slipping back into the observation that public administration commenced in dichotomy but stimulated into broader functions, it is accommodating to have a substitute understanding. There has been an embedded crucial model for political-administrative associations from the start, and this model is imperative for knowing the existing and prospect function of public administration. The complementarity of politics and administration is founded on the principle that elected officials and administrators adhere together in the fr equent pursuit of sound governance.Complementarities involve split fractions, but fractions that approach together in a reciprocally compassionate manner. One supports the other to generate a complete. Complementarity influences interdependence alongside separate functions; conformity along with sovereignty; admiration for political control along with an assurance to form and execute policy in ways that endorse the public concern; reverence to elected incumbents along with obedience to the law and maintain just electoral antagonism; and positive reception of politics along with support for proficient values. The concern is not whether public administrators are â€Å"influential or usurpative† (Friedrich, 2004)–the regular dichotomy against non-dichotomy choices–but how they are both mechanized and donors to the political progression, that is, involved and constitutive.Complementarity involves enduring contact, mutual sway, and mutual reverence between chosen off icials and administrators. Administrators assist to figure policy, and they present it precise content and connotation in the procedure of execution. Chosen officials watch over execution, investigate explicit criticism about reduced recital, and effort to correct troubles with presentation through fine-tuning. Privatization through constricting out breaks the discussion and substitutes it with agreement requirement and fulfillment reports. Paradoxically, constricting out intimately approximates the stipulations of the dichotomy model, as do recital indentures, and highlights an essential restriction in this sort of approach. if not it is aloof for services that can be suitably distinct without ongoing extensive based administrative contribution and properly conveyed without unremitting political omission, the firm separation of policy makers and service deliverers can inferior the superiority of governance.In disparity, with broad relations, the information and values of those who do the continuing job of government harmonize the acquaintance and values of those who eventually set the route for government and make certain that it stays on track. The complementarity of politics and administration clutches that elected officials and administrators–both in ordinary contact with citizens– require and facilitate each other in a corporation for governance. Dividing the cohorts or distorting the association in one way or the other means that a main donation is absent. If one persists to acknowledge the straightforward notion that public administration commenced as disconnect influential body restricted to a contracted sphere of activity, one does damage to the precedent and one dashes the jeopardy of legitimizing a proper dichotomy of policy configuration and constricted service delivery.ReferencesFriedrich, C. J. 2004. Public Policy and the Nature of Administrative Responsibility. Public Policy 1: 1-24.Miller, Gary. 2000. Above Politics: Credible Comm itment and Efficiency in the Design of Public Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 289-327.Van Riper, Paul P. 2002. The Politics-Administration Dichotomy: Concept or Reality? In Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and James S. Bowman, 203-18. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Importance Of Art And Its Effect On Society - 1435 Words

The Importance of Art in Society Art is often marginalized and left aside in favor of serious fields, like math and science; it is generally seen as an extra and as something purely recreational – icing on the cake. However, it is an essential component of any even moderately healthy society. To begin with, it has quantifiable benefits in areas including therapy and education thanks to it s fluid, ambiguous, and creative nature. Equally, it is difficult to find enjoyment or fulfillment in life without it – it gives a sense of purpose and meaning to members of a vocation-based society which is too easy to perceive as a machine in the absence of the arts. It is capable of opening discussions and recording as well as spurring ideological and historical change while being able to transcend language barriers. To put it simply, art can be hard work and can yield considerable results. Art is an irreplaceable tool in multiple forms of therapy in part because it allows to make c oncrete the fluid and emotional and brings what is exclusively in the inside world into the outer, concrete world. Art therapy is successfully used as a form of multipurpose treatment for psychological and neurological disorders ranging from addiction to acute psychosis and sleep disorders. Not only does it allow for physical neurological changes, such as improved fine motor skills and establishment of positive biofeedback, it helps to explore the emotional range of responses to difficult illnesses andShow MoreRelatedSociology Of Art : A Reader1625 Words   |  7 Pages Art holds a high position in the world and in society due to its use, such as documenting events in history with things like cave paintings and literature, and expressing oneself through art in religion and the things we envision, and what we want the world, our society, to be. 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